| Glomerular |
|
| • Alport syndrome |
| • Thin basement membrane disease |
| • IgA nephropathy |
| • Pauci-immune (ANCA-related) vasculitis/anti–glomerular basement membrane disease |
|
| • Henoch-Schönlein purpura |
| • Systemic lupus erythematosus |
| • Infection-related glomerulonephritis |
| • Thrombotic microangiopathies (eg, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, hemolytic uremic syndrome, scleroderma renal crisis, malignant hypertension) |
| Associated with other glomerular pathology |
| • Diabetic nephropathy |
| • Focal segmental glomerular sclerosis |
| • Minimal change disease |
• Membranous nephropathy
|
| Tubular/interstitial |
| • Interstitial nephritis |
| • Papillary necrosis |
| • Analgesic nephropathy |
• Pyelonephritis
|
| Structural kidney disease–related |
| • Acquired or hereditary cystic disease |
| • Medullary sponge kidney |
| Vascular |
| • Renal vein thrombosis |
| • Renal infarct/necrosis |
| • Arteriovenous malformations |
• Nutcracker syndrome
|
| Urothelial |
| • Malignancy (involving the kidney, ureters, bladder, or prostate) |
| • Nephrolithiasis |
| • Nephrocalcinosis |
| • Hypercalciuria |
| • Strictures |
| • Indwelling catheters |
| • Benign prostatic hypertrophy |
• Bladder or ureteral polyps
|
| Medications |
| • Cyclophosphamide/ifosfamide |
| • Anticoagulation associated |
| Other, not rare |
| • Infectious (pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis, schistosomiasis, tuberculosis, polyoma virus) |
| • Rejection or trauma in a kidney transplant |
| • Pelvic radiation |
| • Bleeding disorders: sickle cell disease, sickle cell trait, hemophilia A or B, thrombocytopenia |
| • After instrumentation of the urinary tract or trauma |
• Contamination from menstrual bleeding
|
| Rare |
| • Endometriosis of the urinary tract |
| • Loin pain hematuria syndrome |
Urinary tract infection, Cystitis, Prostatitis, Enlarged prostate, Passage of renal calculi, infection-related glomerulonephritis (or IgA nephropathy)
Chief Complaint: Hematuria
| Pivotal Assessment | Finding |
|---|---|
History |